45-70 Vs 308 Winchester: Comparing Oranges & Pineapples

You're about to explore the differences between the 45-70 Government and 308 Winchester cartridges, two unique options that serve distinct purposes. The 45-70 Government has a rich history, predating the 308 Winchester by nearly eight decades, and was used by the US Army until the late 1800s. The 308 Winchester, on the other hand, emerged from the 7.62x51mm NATO round in 1952. With varying case sizes, ballistic performances, and bullet sizes, each cartridge is suited for specific hunting needs. As you continue, you'll uncover the nuances that set these cartridges apart, helping you choose the right one for your next shooting or hunting adventure.

Key Takeaways

• The 45-70 Government has a rich history, predating the 308 Winchester by nearly eight decades, with strong military influence.
• The 45-70 Government's larger case size allows for more powder and heavier bullets, but doesn't necessarily translate to better performance.
• The 308 Winchester boasts a muzzle velocity of 2,750 fps, ideal for longer-range shots and precision hunting, whereas the 45-70 Government is better suited for closer-range hunting and larger game.
• The 45-70 Government's larger bullet diameter and heavier weights result in greater kinetic energy and momentum, making it suitable for larger game.
• Understanding the historical roots, case size differences, and ballistic performance of these cartridges is essential in selecting the right cartridge for specific hunting needs.

History of the Cartridges

Introduced in 1873, the 45-70 Government cartridge has a rich history that predates the 308 Winchester by nearly eight decades, with the latter originating from the 7.62x51mm NATO round in 1952. You might be surprised to learn that the 45-70 Government has strong military influence, having been used by the US Army until the late 1800s. Its historical significance cannot be overstated, as it played a significant role in the development of modern cartridges. In contrast, the 308 Winchester has a more recent history, emerging from the 7.62x51mm NATO round. This difference in origins has shaped their distinct characteristics and purposes. As you explore the world of cartridges, understanding their historical roots is essential in appreciating their unique features and applications.

Case Size and Capacity

When you compare the case sizes of the 45-70 Government and 308 Winchester, you'll notice a significant difference, with the former boasting a larger case size of 2.105 inches compared to the latter's 1.92 inches. This size disparity affects case dynamics, with the 45-70 Government's larger capacity allowing for more powder and heavier bullets. However, this comes at the cost of powder efficiency, as the 308 Winchester's smaller case size enables more efficient burning of propellant. The 45-70 Government's larger case size also means it can handle more pressure, but this doesn't necessarily translate to better performance. Understanding these case size differences is essential in determining which cartridge is best suited for your shooting needs.

Ballistic Performance Comparison

You'll notice a significant difference in the ballistic performance of the 45-70 Government and 308 Winchester, with the latter boasting a muzzle velocity of 2,750 fps, compared to the former's 1,350 fps. This disparity has a direct impact on your hunting styles and shooting techniques. With the 308 Winchester's higher velocity, you'll experience a flatter trajectory and less wind deflection, making it ideal for longer-range shots and precision hunting. In contrast, the 45-70 Government's slower velocity and heavier bullet make it better suited for closer-range hunting and larger game. When choosing between these cartridges, consider your specific hunting needs and adapt your techniques accordingly.

Bullet Size and Weight

As you consider the ballistic performance differences between the 45-70 Government and 308 Winchester, it's also important to examine the distinct bullet size and weight characteristics that further differentiate these cartridges.

The 45-70 Government's larger bullet diameter and heavier weights result in greater kinetic energy and momentum, making it suitable for larger game. In contrast, the 308 Winchester's smaller bullet diameter and lighter weights enable faster velocities and flatter trajectories, making it ideal for smaller to medium-sized game. Understanding these differences is vital for selecting the right cartridge for your hunting needs.

Muzzle Velocity and Energy

Your rifle's muzzle velocity and energy output are critical factors in determining the effectiveness of your chosen cartridge, with the 45-70 Government and 308 Winchester exhibiting distinct characteristics in these areas. The 45-70 Government's slower muzzle velocity, around 1,350 fps, is compensated by its higher muzzle energy, approximately 1,600 ft-lbs. In contrast, the 308 Winchester boasts a faster muzzle velocity of 2,750 fps, but with slightly lower muzzle energy at 2,469 ft-lbs. When it comes to power dynamics, the 45-70 Government packs a heavier punch, while the 308 Winchester excels in energy efficiency. Understanding these differences is vital in selecting the right cartridge for your hunting or shooting needs.

Rifle and Ammunition Options

When selecting between the 45-70 Government and 308 Winchester, the availability and variety of rifle and ammunition options become a vital factor for hunters and shooters alike. You'll want to think about rifle ergonomics, as a comfortable fit can make all the difference in your shooting experience. Ammunition storage is also essential, as you'll need to take into account the space and accessibility of your ammo.

Commercial Ammunition Availability

You'll find that commercial ammunition availability strongly favors the 308 Winchester, with a wide range of options readily available in most gun stores and online retailers. This is due to its popularity and widespread adoption in various rifle platforms. In contrast, the 45-70 Government has a more limited selection, often forcing enthusiasts to handload their own ammunition. A few key points bear examination:

1. Ammo shortages: The 308 Winchester is less likely to experience ammo shortages due to its high demand and production volume.
2. Retail preferences: Retailers often prioritize stocking 308 Winchester ammunition over 45-70 Government due to customer demand and sales data.
3. Availability: You're more likely to find 308 Winchester ammunition on store shelves, both online and in-store, making it a more convenient option for many shooters.

This disparity in commercial availability can profoundly impact your shooting experience, making the 308 Winchester a more practical choice for many users.

Handloading and Customization

As the 45-70 Government's limited commercial ammunition availability pushes enthusiasts to handload their own ammunition, customization becomes a key aspect of this cartridge's appeal. You'll need to invest in reload dies specifically designed for the 45-70 Government, which can be a bit pricey. However, this allows you to tailor your loads to your rifle and shooting style. Chamber casting is also essential to guarantee a precise fit and peak performance. By handloading, you can experiment with different powders, bullets, and charges to find the perfect combination for your hunting or target shooting needs. This level of customization is unparalleled in commercial ammunition, making handloading a fundamental aspect of the 45-70 Government's charm.

Trajectory and Kinetic Energy

With its slower muzzle velocity and heavier bullets, the 45-70 Government has a more pronounced trajectory drop than the 308 Winchester, which affects its kinetic energy retention at longer ranges. As you shoot at longer distances, you'll notice a significant energy loss in the 45-70 Government, making it less effective for hunting larger game at extreme ranges. To compensate for this, you'll need to adjust your aim, using angle compensation to account for the trajectory drop. Three key points bear noting:

1. Energy Loss: The 45-70 Government loses kinetic energy faster than the 308 Winchester, making it less effective at longer ranges.
2. Trajectory Drop: The 45-70 Government's heavier bullets and slower velocity result in a more pronounced trajectory drop, requiring more angle compensation.
3. Angle Compensation: To accurately hit your target, you'll need to adjust your aim to account for the trajectory drop, making adjustments for wind deflection and bullet drop.

Design and Development Differences

What distinct design and development differences set the 45-70 Government and 308 Winchester apart? You'll notice a significant contrast in their design philosophies. The 45-70 Government, introduced in 1873, was originally designed for black powder, whereas the 308 Winchester, introduced in 1952, was designed for smokeless powder. This difference in case evolution is pivotal. The 45-70 Government's larger case size and capacity allow for heavier bullets and more powder, resulting in a more pronounced trajectory. In contrast, the 308 Winchester's smaller case size and more efficient design enable higher velocities and a flatter trajectory. These fundamental differences in design and development shape the unique characteristics of each cartridge, influencing their performance and applications.

Choosing the Right Cartridge

You need to weigh your specific shooting needs and preferences when deciding between the 45-70 Government and 308 Winchester cartridges. Think about your hunting style and personal preference when choosing the right cartridge for your rifle. Here are three key factors to weigh:

1. Hunting style: If you're hunting larger game, the 45-70 Government's heavier bullets and higher muzzle energy might be the better choice. For smaller game or longer-range shots, the 308 Winchester's flatter trajectory and higher velocity might be more suitable.
2. Rifle type: If you have a lever-action rifle, the 45-70 Government might be a better fit. For bolt-action rifles, the 308 Winchester is a more common choice.
3. Personal preference: Evaluate your experience level, shooting comfort, and reloading capabilities when deciding between these two cartridges. Ultimately, choose the cartridge that best fits your shooting needs and preferences.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I Use 45-70 Government in a Modern Bolt-Action Rifle?

You can't directly use 45-70 Government in a modern bolt-action rifle, but historic rifles can be converted or rebarreled to accommodate this caliber, requiring careful consideration of rifle conversions and chamber pressures.

Is the 308 Winchester Suitable for Hunting Large Game Like Bears?

When facing fierce bear encounters, you must prioritize hunting ethics, promoting a swift, humane kill. Consult game wardens and follow firearms safety guidelines to guarantee a responsible, respectful hunt – the 308 Winchester can be suitable, but choose your ammo wisely.

How Does Barrel Length Affect the Performance of These Cartridges?

As you experiment with different barrel lengths, you'll notice muzzle velocity increases with longer barrels, reducing bullet drop, but be mindful of chamber pressure and rifling style to optimize performance for your chosen cartridge.

Can I Reload 308 Winchester Cases With 45-70 Government Bullets?

You're wondering if you can reload 308 Winchester cases with 45-70 Government bullets. While possible, it's not recommended due to significant case size differences, requiring complex case conversion. Choose compatible bullets for a successful reload.

Are There Any Legal Restrictions on Using These Cartridges for Hunting?

You must check your state's hunting regulations, as laws vary, restricting or prohibiting certain cartridges for hunting, including the 45-70 Government and 308 Winchester, in specific areas or for particular game species.

Conclusion

As you stand at the crossroads, the 45-70 Government and 308 Winchester beckon, each a siren's call to a distinct shooting experience. The choice is yours, but remember, the 45-70's raw power is like a mighty river, slow and deliberate, while the 308's sleek efficiency is like a swift arrow, swift and deadly. Choose wisely, for in the world of cartridges, the right path can make all the difference between a memorable hunt and a forgotten excursion.